Ear discharges or bleeding
An ear discharge is drainage of blood, ear wax, pus,
or fluid from the ear. Ear wax accounts for most ear discharge. However, discharge may also be caused by minor irritation or infection. Ear wax serves as a protective lining for the ear canal. It is almost never a problem unless attempts are made to "clean" the ear canals; if cleaning is done improperly, the ear canal can become blocked. Taking warm showers or washing the outside of the ears with a warm, moist washcloth usually helps prevent the build-up of wax.
A ruptured eardrum in a child who has been complaining of ear pain is often demonstrated by a white, slightly bloody, or yellow discharge from the ear. Dry crusted material on the child's pillow is often a sign of a ruptured eardrum. Antibiotics, as prescribed by the doctor, can help prevent further infection during the healing process. Eardrum ruptures in children will usually heal completely within a few weeks.
Common causes of ear discharge include, Swimmer's ear, Inflammation or infection, Injury from a blow to the head, foreign object, very loud noises, or sudden pressure changes, Eczema and other skin irritations in the ear canal. Corticosteroid and antibiotic preparations that are placed in the ear canal may be prescribed. Oral antibiotics will usually be given if a ruptured eardrum is causing the discharge.
Eardrum repair
Eardrum repair is a procedure to correct a tear in
the eardrum (tympanic membrane) or the small bones in the middle ear. Ruptured or perforated eardrums are usually caused by middle ear infections or trauma, such as an object in the ear, a slap on the ear, or an explosion. Using general anesthesia, an ear-nose-throat (ENT) specialist grafts a small patch from a vein or fascia (muscle sheath) onto the eardrum to repair the tear. For problems with the small bones (ossicles), the surgeon will use an operating microscope to view and repair this chain of small bones using plastic devices or ossicles from a donor. If antibiotics or other nonoperative treatment do not heal 
chronic ear infections, surgical eardrum repair may be necessary.
In most cases, the operation relieves pain and infection symptoms completely. Hearing loss is minor. The outcome may not be as good if the bones in the middle ear need reconstruction along with the eardrum. Patients usually leave the hospital the same day as the surgery. It is important to avoid water in the ear.
Nasal polyps
Nasal polyps are small, sac-like growths consisting of inflamed nasal mucosa. Nasal polyps appear in a number of conditions. The polyps originate near the ethmoid sinuses (located at the top of the inside of the nose) and grow into the open areas. Large polyps may obstruct the airway. Children with nasal polyps sound congested and 
often breathe through their mouths because of chronic nasal obstruction. A runny nose or infected nose is common. Polyps are seen with asthma, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), chronic sinus infections, and cystic fibrosis. About 1 in 4 people with cystic fibrosis have nasal polyps. Nasal examination reveals a grayish grape-like mass within the nasal cavity.
Treatment may include medication, such as steroids (topical or systemic)or antibiotics. Surgery, such as functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), may be necessary in some cases. Surgical removal usually allows easier breathing through the nose.
Septoplasty
Septoplasty is an operation that corrects any defects or deformities of the nasal septum, which is the wall between the two nostrils. The goal of the surgery is to straighten out the nasal septum or to relieve obstructions or other problems related to deviation of the septum. An incision is made internally on one side of the nasal septum. The mucous membrane is lifted away from the cartilage and bone, obstructive parts are removed or repositioned as necessary, and
plastic surgery is performed as necessary. Then, the mucous membrane is returned to its original position. The tissues covering the septum are held in place by either stitches or packing. The main conditions that call for nasal surgery are: Nasal airway obstruction, Septal spur headache, Uncontrollable nosebleeds, Nasal septal deformity in the presence of other intranasal surgery
Nasal airway obstruction is usually the result of a septal deformity that causes breathing by mouth, sleep apnea, or recurrent nasal infections. A septal spur headache is defined as a headache caused by pressure from the nasal septum on the inside of the nose (septal impaction) that is relieved by anesthetic applied directly to the septal impaction.
Other intranasal surgeries that may be modified to include septoplasty include, Polypectomy (removal of a polyp), Ethmoidectomy (operation on the ethmoid bone at the top of the nasal cavity), Turbinate surgery (operation on the concha nasalis), Tumor removal. People who snort drugs such as cocaine in large quantities for long periods of time may require this surgery if drug use has damaged the septum.
The surgery can be done either under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis or under general anesthesia during a short hospital stay. After surgery, both sides of the nose may be tightly packed to avoid bleeding and serve as a splint to hold the mucosa in place. Packing is usually removed 24 to 36 hours after surgery.
Rhinophyma
Rhinophyma is a large, bulbous, ruddy appearance of the nose. Formation of an enlarged, red nose was once thought to be caused by heavy alcohol consumption, but this is not the case. 
Rhinophyma occurs equally in those who do not drink at all and those who drink alcohol in quantity. It is seen almost exclusively in men over age 40. The cause of rhinophyma is unknown, though it is generally regarded as a severe form of rosacea. Although rhynophyma is a cosmetic disorder, it may cause emotional distress if symptoms are obvious or extensive.
Surgical reshaping of the nose is the best known treatment for rhinophyma. This may be accomplished by laser, scalpel, or dermabrasion. Some physicians have reported good results from treatment with the acne medication Accutane. Rhinophyma can be corrected surgically, but the condition may recur.
(Information given here has been
abridged from authentic sources like NIH, USA)
